Community-based research has gained increasing recognition in health research over the last two decades. Such participatory research approaches are lauded for their ability to anchor research in lived experiences, ensuring cultural appropriateness, accessing local knowledge, reaching marginalized communities, building capacity, and facilitating research-to-action.
While having these positive attributes, the community-based health research literature is predominantly composed of small projects, using qualitative methods, and set within geographically limited communities. Its use in larger health studies, including clinical trials and cohorts, is limited. We present the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS), a large-scale, multi-site, national, longitudinal quantitative study that has operationalized community-based research in all steps of the research process. Successes, challenges and further considerations are offered.
Through the integration of community-based research principles, we have been successful in: facilitating a two-year long formative phase for this study; developing a novel survey instrument with national involvement; training 39 Peer Research Associates (PRAs); offering ongoing comprehensive support to PRAs; and engaging in an ongoing iterative community-based research process.
Our community-based research approach within CHIWOS demanded that we be cognizant of challenges managing a large national team, inherent power imbalances and challenges with communication, compensation and volunteering considerations, and extensive delays in institutional processes. It is important to consider the iterative nature of community-based research and to work through tensions that emerge given the diverse perspectives of numerous team members.
Community-based research, as an approach to large-scale quantitative health research projects, is an increasingly viable methodological option. Community-based research has several advantages that go hand-in-hand with its obstacles. We offer guidance on implementing this approach, such that the process can be better planned and result in success.
Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for HIV-1.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the cause of one of the most lethal pandemics in human history, although in recent years access to highly effective anti-retroviral therapy has provided new hope worldwide. Transmission of HIV by sexual contact, childbirth and injection drug use has been reduced, but 2 million are newly infected each year, and much of the transmission is from people who do not know their status. In addition to known methods, a preventive vaccine is needed to end the pandemic.
Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GC4263-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 122.4 EUR |
Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GC4263-5 | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 | 189.8 EUR |
Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GC4263-500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 | 45.1 EUR |
Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GC4263-500MG | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 mg | 90 EUR |
Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GC4263-5G | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 g | 265.2 EUR |
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Chloride |
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| MBS4156383-500mg | MyBiosource | 500mg | 415 EUR |
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Chloride |
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| MBS4156383-5x500mg | MyBiosource | 5x500mg | 1625 EUR |
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Chloride |
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| MBS4156384-1g | MyBiosource | 1g | 625 EUR |
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Chloride |
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| MBS4156384-5x1g | MyBiosource | 5x1g | 2575 EUR |
Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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| MB107-100MG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 8.67 EUR |
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Description: Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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| MB107-1G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 74.87 EUR |
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Description: Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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| MB107-250MG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 20.88 EUR |
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Description: Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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| RM578-100MG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 9.3 EUR |
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Description: Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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| RM578-1G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 71.32 EUR |
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Description: Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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| RM578-250MG | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 20.32 EUR |
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Description: Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) |
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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium |
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| 24720-01 | NACALAI TESQUE | 1G | 74.2 EUR |
Nitro Blue Tetrazolium |
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| 24720-14 | NACALAI TESQUE | 5G | 244.3 EUR |
Nitro Blue Tetrazolium |
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| 24720-56 | NACALAI TESQUE | 100MG | 15.75 EUR |
NITRO BLUE TETRAZOLIUM |
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| N602 | PhytoTechnology Laboratories | 100MG | 101.87 EUR |
Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) |
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| MBS638936-1g | MyBiosource | 1g | 210 EUR |
Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) |
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| MBS638936-5g | MyBiosource | 5g | 540 EUR |
Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) |
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| MBS638936-5x5g | MyBiosource | 5x5g | 2275 EUR |
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| HY-15925 | MedChemExpress | 250mg | 142.8 EUR |
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| T19032-10mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 10mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| T19032-1g | TargetMol Chemicals | 1g | Ask for price |
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Description: Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| T19032-1mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 1mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| T19032-50mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 50mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| T19032-5mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 5mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| MBS3845753-250mg | MyBiosource | 250mg | 140 EUR |
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| MBS3845753-500mg | MyBiosource | 500mg | 200 EUR |
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| MBS3845753-5x500mg | MyBiosource | 5x500mg | 885 EUR |
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| MBS5755869-200mg | MyBiosource | 200mg | 145 EUR |
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| MBS5755869-500mg | MyBiosource | 500mg | 155 EUR |
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| MBS5755869-5x500mg | MyBiosource | 5x500mg | 555 EUR |
Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride [NBT] |
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| A4120-1G | Biomatik Corporation | 1G | 90.2 EUR |
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Description: Biotechnology |
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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride [NBT] |
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| A4120-250MG | Biomatik Corporation | 250MG | 30.8 EUR |
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Description: Biotechnology |
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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride [NBT] |
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| A4120-500MG | Biomatik Corporation | 500MG | 50.6 EUR |
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Description: Biotechnology |
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NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, Chloride), 250 mg |
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| 10008 | Biotium | 250MG | 51 EUR |
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Description: N/A |
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NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, Chloride), 250 mg |
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| 10008-1 | Biotium | 1G | 51 EUR |
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Description: N/A |
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NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, Chloride), 1 g |
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| 10008-1-1 | Biotium | EA | 156 EUR |
NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, Chloride), 5 g |
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| 10008-2 | Biotium | 5G | 606 EUR |
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Description: N/A |
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NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, Chloride), 5 g |
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| 10008-2-1 | Biotium | EA | 606 EUR |
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride monohydrate |
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| 20-abx184281 | Abbexa |
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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride (Nitro BT) (NBT) extrapure AR, 99% |
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| 11207 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Mg | 4.58 EUR |
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Description: Part B |
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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) 0.489mM Staining System for AP |
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| MBS639217-250mL | MyBiosource | 250mL | 285 EUR |
Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) 0.489mM Staining System for AP |
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| MBS639217-500mL | MyBiosource | 500mL | 425 EUR |
Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) 0.489mM Staining System for AP |
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| MBS639217-5x500mL | MyBiosource | 5x500mL | 1765 EUR |
Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride (Nitro BT) (NBT) for tissue culture, 99% |
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| 13001 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Mg | 13.2 EUR |
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Description: Part B |
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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride (Nitro BT) (NBT) for molecular biology, 99% |
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| 48898 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Mg | 6.6 EUR |
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Description: Part B |
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Tetrazolium Red |
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| HY-D0714 | MedChemExpress | 500mg | 129.6 EUR |
Tetrazolium Red |
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| T19577-10mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 10mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Tetrazolium Red |
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Tetrazolium Red |
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| T19577-1g | TargetMol Chemicals | 1g | Ask for price |
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Description: Tetrazolium Red |
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Tetrazolium Red |
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| T19577-1mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 1mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Tetrazolium Red |
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Tetrazolium Red |
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| T19577-50mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 50mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Tetrazolium Red |
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Tetrazolium Red |
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| T19577-5mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 5mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Tetrazolium Red |
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Tetrazolium Red |
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| MBS3603919-50mg | MyBiosource | 50mg | 200 EUR |
Tetrazolium Red |
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| MBS3603919-5x50mg | MyBiosource | 5x50mg | 580 EUR |
Blue Tetrazolium |
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| 05107-41 | NACALAI TESQUE | 1G | 36.4 EUR |
Blue Tetrazolium |
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| B17093 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 1G | 156.93 EUR |
Tetrazolium salt |
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| PCT1309-10G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 29.02 EUR |
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Description: Tetrazolium salt |
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Tetrazolium salt |
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| PCT1309-25G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 63.78 EUR |
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Description: Tetrazolium salt |
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Tetrazolium Violet |
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| GT6818 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1g | 239.02 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet |
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| GT6818-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | 39.4 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet |
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| GT6818-10 | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 | 261 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet |
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| GT6818-10G | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 g | 351.6 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet |
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| GT6818-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 84 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet |
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| GT6818-5 | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 | 138.5 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet |
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| GT6818-5G | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 g | 204 EUR |
Tetrazolium violet |
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| HY-131490 | MedChemExpress | Get quote | Ask for price |
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Description: Tetrazolium violet is a redox indicator commonly used in various biochemical assays to measure cell viability and metabolic activity. Tetrazolium Violet has unique chemical properties that allow it to be reduced by cellular enzymes such as dehydrogenases to form a purple formazan product that can be detected spectrophotometrically. This makes it a useful tool for assessing cell health and growth in culture or tissue samples. |
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Blue Tetrazolium Chloride (BTC, Tetrazolium Blue Chloride) extrapure AR |
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| 22649 | Sisco Laboratories | 1 Gms | 9 EUR |
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Description: Part B |
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Tetrazolium Violet_x000D__x000D_ |
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| T08980 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 10G | 364.48 EUR |
Methylthialazole Tetrazolium |
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| 330214 | MedKoo Biosciences | 1.0g | 250 EUR |
Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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| PCT1209-1G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 20.01 EUR |
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Description: Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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| PCT1209-5G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 89.95 EUR |
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Description: Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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| GT7170 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1g | 108.65 EUR |
Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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| GT7170-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | 39.4 EUR |
Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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| GT7170-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 84 EUR |
Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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| GT7170-5 | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 | 118.7 EUR |
Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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| GT7170-5G | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 g | 180 EUR |
TETRAZOLIUM BLUE CHLORIDE |
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| T8199 | PhytoTechnology Laboratories | 1G | 101.87 EUR |
TRIPHENYL TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE |
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| T8164 | PhytoTechnology Laboratories | 100G | 24.14 EUR |
Tetrazolium Blue Chloride (>90%) |
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| T310700 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 10g | 265 EUR |
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Description: 1871-22-3 |
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Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GK5496 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100mg | 188.35 EUR |
Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GK5496-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | 205.7 EUR |
Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GK5496-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | 34.1 EUR |
Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GK5496-100MG | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 mg | 76.8 EUR |
Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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| GK5496-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 284.4 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet extrapure, 95% |
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| 92739 | Sisco Laboratories | 1 Gms | 22.13 EUR |
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Description: Part B |
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Tetranitro Blue tetrazolium chloride |
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| T08200 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 500MG | 453 EUR |
Tetrazolium violet, Hi-CERT™ |
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| RM368-1G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 73.84 EUR |
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Description: Tetrazolium violet, Hi-CERT™ |
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Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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| 20-abx082213 | Abbexa |
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Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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| 20-abx082549 | Abbexa |
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Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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| abx188911-50g | Abbexa | 50 g | 927.6 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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| GC4568 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1g | 130.36 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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| GC4568-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | 31.7 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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| GC4568-10 | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 | 142.4 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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| GC4568-10G | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 g | 208.8 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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| GC4568-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 74.4 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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| GC4568-5 | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 | 79.1 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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| GC4568-5G | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 g | 132 EUR |
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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| abx082213-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | 137.5 EUR |
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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| abx082213-1ml | Abbexa | 1 ml | Ask for price |
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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| abx082213-200l | Abbexa | 200 µl | 250 EUR |
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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| abx082549-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | 125 EUR |
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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| abx082549-1ml | Abbexa | 1 ml | Ask for price |
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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| abx082549-200l | Abbexa | 200 µl | 175 EUR |
Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride (TNBT) |
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| T6756 | Bio Basic | 250mg | 99.67 EUR |
Cyanoditolyl Tetrazolium Chloride (CTC) |
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| 19292-1 | Polysciences Europe GmbH | 1g | 1358 EUR |
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Description: 102568-47-8 |
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Cyanoditolyl Tetrazolium Chloride (CTC) |
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| 19292-100 | Polysciences Europe GmbH | 100mg | 198 EUR |
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Description: 102568-47-8 |
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Crystal Violet Tetrazolium Agar Base |
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| M586-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 42.8 EUR |
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Description: Crystal Violet Tetrazolium Agar Base |
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Crystal Violet Tetrazolium Agar, Base |
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| 91022 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Gms | 8.55 EUR |
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Description: Part D |
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Crystal Violet Tetrazolium Agar, Base |
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| 91022-1 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | 35.92 EUR |
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Description: Part D |
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Crystal Violet Tetrazolium HiVeg Agar |
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| MV586-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 42.63 EUR |
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Description: Crystal Violet Tetrazolium HiVeg Agar |
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Thiazolyl Blue tetrazolium bromide 98% |
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| T09850 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 1G | 122.03 EUR |
Blue tetrazolium chloride, Hi-AR™ |
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| RM1525-1G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 17.78 EUR |
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Description: Blue tetrazolium chloride, Hi-AR™ |
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Blue tetrazolium chloride, Hi-AR™ |
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| RM1525-5G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 79.9 EUR |
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Description: Blue tetrazolium chloride, Hi-AR™ |
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Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide [MTT) |
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| A3338-1G | Biomatik Corporation | 1G | 49.5 EUR |
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Description: Ultra Pure |
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Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide [MTT) |
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| A3338-250MG | Biomatik Corporation | 250MG | 22 EUR |
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Description: Ultra Pure |
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Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide [MTT) |
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| A3338-5G | Biomatik Corporation | 5G | 180.4 EUR |
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Description: Ultra Pure |
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Tryptone Sucrose Tetrazolium Agar Base |
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| M1217-500G | EWC Diagnostics | 1 unit | 41.77 EUR |
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Description: Tryptone Sucrose Tetrazolium Agar Base |
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Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) |
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| T0793 | Bio Basic | 500mg | 86.1 EUR |
Tryptone Sucrose Tetrazolium Agar, Base (I) |
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| 21091 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Gms | 8.55 EUR |
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Description: Part D |
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Tryptone Sucrose Tetrazolium Agar, Base (I) |
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| 21091-1 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Gms | 35.07 EUR |
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Description: Part D |
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Tetrazolium Violet (high purity) extrapure AR, 98% |
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| 62183 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Mg | 9.75 EUR |
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Description: Part B |
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CTC (5-Cyano-2, 3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride) |
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| 10063 | Biotium | 10MG | 62 EUR |
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Description: N/A |
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CTC (5-Cyano-2, 3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride) |
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| 10063-1 | Biotium | EA | 62 EUR |
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) extrapure AR, 98% |
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| 33611 | Sisco Laboratories | 100 Mg | 4.35 EUR |
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Description: Part B |
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2 5-Diphenyl-3-(4-Styrylphenyl)tetrazolium Chloride_x000D_ |
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| D52320 | Pfaltz & Bauer | 100MG | 213.78 EUR |
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) for tissue culture, 98% |
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| 58945 | Sisco Laboratories | 500 Mg | 23.63 EUR |
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Description: Part B |
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MTT(Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) for Cell Culture Grade |
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| M0201-050 | GenDepot | 500 mg | 102 EUR |
MTT(Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) for Cell Culture Grade |
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| M0201-101 | GenDepot | 1 g | 165 EUR |
Diisopropylammonium Tetrazolide |
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| D679965 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 1g | 63 EUR |
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Description: 93183-36-9 |
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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| B6254-10 | ApexBio | 10 mg | 263 EUR |
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Description: NMDA receptor agonist |
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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| B6254-50 | ApexBio | 50 mg | 1090 EUR |
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Description: NMDA receptor agonist |
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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| R700965 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 100mg | 1800 EUR |
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Description: 138199-51-6 |
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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| T16801-10mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 10mg | Ask for price |
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Description: (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| T16801-1g | TargetMol Chemicals | 1g | Ask for price |
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Description: (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| T16801-1mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 1mg | Ask for price |
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Description: (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| T16801-50mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 50mg | Ask for price |
|
Description: (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| T16801-5mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 5mg | Ask for price |
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Description: (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| MBS5769945-10mg | MyBiosource | 10mg | 335 EUR |
(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| MBS5769945-1mg | MyBiosource | 1mg | 185 EUR |
(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| MBS5769945-5mg | MyBiosource | 5mg | 265 EUR |
(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine |
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| HY-100839 | MedChemExpress | 1 mg | 541.13 EUR |
|
Description: (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine (D,L-(tetrazol-5-yl)glycine) is a highly potent and selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist[1]. (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine has EC50s of 99 nM, 1.7 μM for GluN1/GluN2D and GluN1/GluN2A, respectively[2]. (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine induces seizure responses and Fos in mice[3]. |
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Tetrazole |
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| abx089253-100ml | Abbexa | 100 ml | 393.6 EUR |
Tetrazole |
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| A7061-100000 | ApexBio | 100 g | 87 EUR |
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Description: organic heterocyclic compound |
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Tetrazole |
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| A7061-25000 | ApexBio | 25 g | 29 EUR |
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Description: organic heterocyclic compound |
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Tetrazole |
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| 5-02259 | CHI Scientific | 25g | 49.14 EUR |
Tetrazole |
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| 5-02260 | CHI Scientific | 100g | 148.79 EUR |
Tetrazole |
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| abx089253-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | 325 EUR |
The extraordinary mutability and genetic diversity of HIV is an enormous challenge, but vaccines are being designed for broad coverage. Computer-aided design of mosaic immunogens, incorporating many epitopes from the entire genome or from conserved regions aim to induce CD8+ T cells to kill virus-infected cells or inhibit virus replication, while trimeric envelope proteins or synthetic mimics aim to induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies similar to those cloned from some infected patients.
Induction of more potent and durable responses may require new adjuvants or replicating chimeric vectors chimeras that bear HIV genes. Passive or genetic delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies may provide broad protection and/or lead to insights for vaccine designers. Proof-of-concept trials in non-human primates and in one human efficacy trial have provided scientific clues for a vaccine that could provide broad and durable protection against HIV. The use of vaccines to destroy HIV reservoirs as part of therapy or cure is now also being explored.