
Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for HIV-1.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the cause of one of the most lethal pandemics in human history, although in recent years access to highly effective anti-retroviral therapy has provided new hope worldwide. Transmission of HIV by sexual contact, childbirth and injection drug use has been reduced, but 2 million are newly infected each year, and much of the transmission is from people who do not know their status. In addition to known methods, a preventive vaccine is needed to end the pandemic.
Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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GC4263-5G | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 g | 265.2 EUR |
Tetrazolium Red |
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HY-D0714 | MedChemExpress | 500mg | 129.6 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet |
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GT6818-10G | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 g | 351.6 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet |
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GT6818-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 84 EUR |
Tetrazolium Violet |
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GT6818-5G | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 g | 204 EUR |
Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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GK5496-100MG | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 mg | 76.8 EUR |
Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride |
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GK5496-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 284.4 EUR |
Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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GT7170-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 84 EUR |
Tetrazolium Blue Chloride |
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GT7170-5G | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 g | 180 EUR |
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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20-abx082213 | Abbexa |
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Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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20-abx082549 | Abbexa |
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Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide |
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abx188911-50g | Abbexa | 50 g | 927.6 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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GC4568-10G | Glentham Life Sciences | 10 g | 208.8 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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GC4568-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 74.4 EUR |
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide |
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GC4568-5G | Glentham Life Sciences | 5 g | 132 EUR |
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride |
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HY-15925 | MedChemExpress | 250mg | 142.8 EUR |
Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride (TNBT) |
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T6756 | Bio Basic | 250mg | 99.67 EUR |
NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium, chloride) |
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10008 | Biotium | 250MG | 109.2 EUR |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 250MG |
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NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium, chloride) |
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10008-1 | Biotium | 1G | 213.6 EUR |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1G |
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NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium, chloride) |
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10008-2 | Biotium | 5G | 663.6 EUR |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5G |
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Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride monohydrate |
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20-abx184281 | Abbexa |
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Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) |
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T0793 | Bio Basic | 500mg | 86.1 EUR |
CTC (5-Cyano-2, 3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride) |
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10063 | Biotium | 10MG | 121.2 EUR |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10MG |
The extraordinary mutability and genetic diversity of HIV is an enormous challenge, but vaccines are being designed for broad coverage. Computer-aided design of mosaic immunogens, incorporating many epitopes from the entire genome or from conserved regions aim to induce CD8+ T cells to kill virus-infected cells or inhibit virus replication, while trimeric envelope proteins or synthetic mimics aim to induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies similar to those cloned from some infected patients.
Induction of more potent and durable responses may require new adjuvants or replicating chimeric vectors chimeras that bear HIV genes. Passive or genetic delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies may provide broad protection and/or lead to insights for vaccine designers. Proof-of-concept trials in non-human primates and in one human efficacy trial have provided scientific clues for a vaccine that could provide broad and durable protection against HIV. The use of vaccines to destroy HIV reservoirs as part of therapy or cure is now also being explored.