Establishing the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS): Operationalizing Community-based Research in a Large National Quantitative Study.

Community-based research has gained increasing recognition in health research over the last two decades. Such participatory research approaches are lauded for their ability to anchor research in lived experiences, ensuring cultural appropriateness, accessing local knowledge, reaching marginalized communities, building capacity, and facilitating research-to-action.
While having these positive attributes, the community-based health research literature is predominantly composed of small projects, using qualitative methods, and set within geographically limited communities. Its use in larger health studies, including clinical trials and cohorts, is limited. We present the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS), a large-scale, multi-site, national, longitudinal quantitative study that has operationalized community-based research in all steps of the research process. Successes, challenges and further considerations are offered.
Through the integration of community-based research principles, we have been successful in: facilitating a two-year long formative phase for this study; developing a novel survey instrument with national involvement; training 39 Peer Research Associates (PRAs); offering ongoing comprehensive support to PRAs; and engaging in an ongoing iterative community-based research process.
Our community-based research approach within CHIWOS demanded that we be cognizant of challenges managing a large national team, inherent power imbalances and challenges with communication, compensation and volunteering considerations, and extensive delays in institutional processes. It is important to consider the iterative nature of community-based research and to work through tensions that emerge given the diverse perspectives of numerous team members.
Community-based research, as an approach to large-scale quantitative health research projects, is an increasingly viable methodological option. Community-based research has several advantages that go hand-in-hand with its obstacles. We offer guidance on implementing this approach, such that the process can be better planned and result in success.
Establishing the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS): Operationalizing Community-based Research in a Large National Quantitative Study.
Establishing the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS): Operationalizing Community-based Research in a Large National Quantitative Study.

Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for HIV-1.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the cause of one of the most lethal pandemics in human history, although in recent years access to highly effective anti-retroviral therapy has provided new hope worldwide. Transmission of HIV by sexual contact, childbirth and injection drug use has been reduced, but 2 million are newly infected each year, and much of the transmission is from people who do not know their status. In addition to known methods, a preventive vaccine is needed to end the pandemic.

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Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride

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Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride

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Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride

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NITRO BLUE TETRAZOLIUM

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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium

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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium

24720-14 NACALAI TESQUE 5G 244.3 EUR

Nitro Blue Tetrazolium

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Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

HY-15925 MedChemExpress 250mg 142.8 EUR

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

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Description: Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

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Description: Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

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Description: Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

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Description: Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

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NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium, chloride)

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NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium, chloride)

10008-1 Biotium 1G 213.6 EUR
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NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium, chloride)

10008-2 Biotium 5G 663.6 EUR
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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride [NBT]

A4120-1G Biomatik Corporation 1G 90.2 EUR
Description: Biotechnology

Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride [NBT]

A4120-250MG Biomatik Corporation 250MG 30.8 EUR
Description: Biotechnology

Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride [NBT]

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Description: Biotechnology

NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, Chloride), 1 g

10008-1-1 Biotium EA 156 EUR

NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, Chloride), 5 g

10008-2-1 Biotium EA 606 EUR

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride monohydrate

20-abx184281 Abbexa
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  • 526.80 EUR
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Tetrazolium Red

HY-D0714 MedChemExpress 500mg 129.6 EUR

Tetrazolium Red

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Description: Tetrazolium Red

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Description: Tetrazolium Red

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Blue Tetrazolium

05107-41 NACALAI TESQUE 1G 36.4 EUR

Blue Tetrazolium

B17093 Pfaltz & Bauer 1G 156.93 EUR

Tetrazolium Violet

GT6818-10G Glentham Life Sciences 10 g 351.6 EUR

Tetrazolium Violet

GT6818-1G Glentham Life Sciences 1 g 84 EUR

Tetrazolium Violet

GT6818-5G Glentham Life Sciences 5 g 204 EUR

Tetrazolium Violet

GT6818-1 Glentham Life Sciences 1 39.4 EUR

Tetrazolium Violet

GT6818-10 Glentham Life Sciences 10 261 EUR

Tetrazolium Violet

GT6818-5 Glentham Life Sciences 5 138.5 EUR

Tetrazolium Violet_x000D__x000D_

T08980 Pfaltz & Bauer 10G 364.48 EUR

Tetrazolium Blue Chloride

GT7170-1G Glentham Life Sciences 1 g 84 EUR

Tetrazolium Blue Chloride

GT7170-5G Glentham Life Sciences 5 g 180 EUR

Tetrazolium Blue Chloride

GT7170-1 Glentham Life Sciences 1 39.4 EUR

Tetrazolium Blue Chloride

GT7170-5 Glentham Life Sciences 5 118.7 EUR

TETRAZOLIUM BLUE CHLORIDE

T8199 PhytoTechnology Laboratories 1G 101.87 EUR

Methylthialazole Tetrazolium

330214 MedKoo Biosciences 1.0g 250 EUR

TRIPHENYL TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE

T8164 PhytoTechnology Laboratories 100G 24.14 EUR

Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride

GK5496-100MG Glentham Life Sciences 100 mg 76.8 EUR

Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride

GK5496-1G Glentham Life Sciences 1 g 284.4 EUR

Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride

GK5496-1 Glentham Life Sciences 1 205.7 EUR

Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride

GK5496-100 Glentham Life Sciences 100 34.1 EUR

Tetranitro Blue tetrazolium chloride

T08200 Pfaltz & Bauer 500MG 453 EUR

Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide

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Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide

20-abx082213 Abbexa
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  • 385.20 EUR
  • 250 mg
  • 5 g

Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide

20-abx082549 Abbexa
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  • 326.40 EUR
  • 250 mg
  • 5 g

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide

GC4568-10G Glentham Life Sciences 10 g 208.8 EUR

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide

GC4568-1G Glentham Life Sciences 1 g 74.4 EUR

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide

GC4568-5G Glentham Life Sciences 5 g 132 EUR

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide

GC4568-1 Glentham Life Sciences 1 31.7 EUR

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide

GC4568-10 Glentham Life Sciences 10 142.4 EUR

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide

GC4568-5 Glentham Life Sciences 5 79.1 EUR

Tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride (TNBT)

T6756 Bio Basic 250mg 99.67 EUR

Cyanoditolyl Tetrazolium Chloride (CTC)

19292-1 Polysciences Europe GmbH 1g 1358 EUR
Description: 102568-47-8

Cyanoditolyl Tetrazolium Chloride (CTC)

19292-100 Polysciences Europe GmbH 100mg 198 EUR
Description: 102568-47-8

Thiazolyl Blue tetrazolium bromide 98%

T09850 Pfaltz & Bauer 1G 122.03 EUR

Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide [MTT)

A3338-1G Biomatik Corporation 1G 49.5 EUR
Description: Ultra Pure

Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide [MTT)

A3338-250MG Biomatik Corporation 250MG 22 EUR
Description: Ultra Pure

Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide [MTT)

A3338-5G Biomatik Corporation 5G 180.4 EUR
Description: Ultra Pure

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT)

T0793 Bio Basic 500mg 86.1 EUR

CTC (5-Cyano-2, 3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride)

10063 Biotium 10MG 121.2 EUR
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10MG

CTC (5-Cyano-2, 3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride)

10063-1 Biotium EA 62 EUR

2 5-Diphenyl-3-(4-Styrylphenyl)tetrazolium Chloride_x000D_

D52320 Pfaltz & Bauer 100MG 213.78 EUR

(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine

B6254-10 ApexBio 10 mg 459.6 EUR

(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine

B6254-50 ApexBio 50 mg 1746 EUR

(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine

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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine

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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine

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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine

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(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine

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Tetrazole

abx089253-100ml Abbexa 100 ml 393.6 EUR

Tetrazole

A7061-100000 ApexBio 100 g 211.2 EUR
Description: IC50: Not available.Tetrazole is the simplest compound belonging to tetrazoles family, a class of synthetic organic heterocyclic compound consists of a 5-member ring of four nitrogen and one carbon atom.

Tetrazole

A7061-25000 ApexBio 25 g 110.4 EUR
Description: IC50: Not available.Tetrazole is the simplest compound belonging to tetrazoles family, a class of synthetic organic heterocyclic compound consists of a 5-member ring of four nitrogen and one carbon atom.

Tetrazole

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Description: Tetrazole

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Description: Tetrazole

Tetrazole

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Description: Tetrazole

Tetrazole

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Description: Tetrazole

Tetrazole

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Description: Tetrazole

5-Methyl tetrazole

20-abx183745 Abbexa
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  • 309.60 EUR
  • 25 g
  • 5 g

5-Ethylthio-1(H)-tetrazole

GE7013-1G Glentham Life Sciences 1 g 54 EUR

5-Ethylthio-1(H)-tetrazole

GE7013-25G Glentham Life Sciences 25 g 180 EUR

5-Ethylthio-1(H)-tetrazole

GE7013-5G Glentham Life Sciences 5 g 84 EUR

Tetrazole-1-acetic acid

GE9742-1G Glentham Life Sciences 1 g 69.6 EUR

Tetrazole-1-acetic acid

GE9742-5G Glentham Life Sciences 5 g 126 EUR

42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

HY-12424A MedChemExpress 1mg 241.2 EUR

42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

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Description: 42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

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Description: 42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

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Description: 42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

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Description: 42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

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Description: 42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin

5-Ethylthio-1(H)-tetrazole

GE7013-1 Glentham Life Sciences 1 16.4 EUR

5-Ethylthio-1(H)-tetrazole

GE7013-25 Glentham Life Sciences 25 118.7 EUR

5-Ethylthio-1(H)-tetrazole

GE7013-5 Glentham Life Sciences 5 39.4 EUR

5-Amino-1(H)-tetrazole hydrate

GK3683-100G Glentham Life Sciences 100 g 124.8 EUR

5-Amino-1(H)-tetrazole hydrate

GK3683-250G Glentham Life Sciences 250 g 212.4 EUR

5-Amino-1(H)-tetrazole hydrate

GK3683-25G Glentham Life Sciences 25 g 70.8 EUR

5-Amino-1(H)-tetrazole hydrate

GK3683-500G Glentham Life Sciences 500 g 342 EUR

5-Amino-1(H)-tetrazole hydrate

GK3683-100 Glentham Life Sciences 100 73.5 EUR

5-Amino-1(H)-tetrazole hydrate

GK3683-25 Glentham Life Sciences 25 29.2 EUR

5-Amino-1(H)-tetrazole hydrate

GK3683-250 Glentham Life Sciences 250 145.5 EUR

5-Amino-1(H)-tetrazole hydrate

GK3683-500 Glentham Life Sciences 500 253.1 EUR

5-Mercapto-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazole 99%

M03850 Pfaltz & Bauer 5G 118.34 EUR

5-bromo-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridi

20-abx185265 Abbexa
  • 326.40 EUR
  • 560.40 EUR
  • 1 g
  • 5 g

N-(Triphenylmethyl)-5-(4'-bromomethylbiphenyl-2-yl-)tetrazole

20-abx181327 Abbexa
  • 276.00 EUR
  • 444.00 EUR
  • 1 g
  • 5 g

(R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

T35458-10mg TargetMol Chemicals 10mg Ask for price
Description: (R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

(R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

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Description: (R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

(R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

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Description: (R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

(R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

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Description: (R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

(R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

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Description: (R)-nitro-Blebbistatin

(S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

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Description: (S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

(S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

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Description: (S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

(S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

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Description: (S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

(S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

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Description: (S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

(S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

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Description: (S)-nitro-Blebbistatin

Nitronium tetrafluoroborate 96%

N10210 Pfaltz & Bauer 5G 264.38 EUR

Nitronium tetrafluoroborate 0.5M Soln. in sulfolane

N10220 Pfaltz & Bauer 25ML 377.2 EUR

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-(3-nitropropanoyl) -α-D-glucopyranose

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3-Nitro-4-((tetrahydro-2h-pyran-4-yl)methylamino)benzenesulfonamide

20-abx184585 Abbexa
  • 1095.60 EUR
  • 2715.60 EUR
  • 1 g
  • 5 g

Nitrobenzene 99%

N06760 Pfaltz & Bauer 1KG 342.2 EUR

1-Nitrobutane 97%

N07760 Pfaltz & Bauer 5G 766.26 EUR

Nitrobenzene

S-2705 Scientific Laboratory Supplies 1ML 45.6 EUR

Nitrobenzene

24609-65 NACALAI TESQUE 500ML 12.6 EUR

Nitrobenzene

24610-25 NACALAI TESQUE 500ML 15.05 EUR

4-Nitrobiphenyl

20-abx181185 Abbexa
  • 2097.60 EUR
  • 594.00 EUR
  • 444.00 EUR
  • 100 g
  • 10 g
  • 5 g

3-nitrobiphenyl

abx186279-25g Abbexa 25 g 577.2 EUR

2-Nitrobiphenyl

N07630 Pfaltz & Bauer 25G 442.98 EUR

3-Nitrobiphenyl 95%

N07640 Pfaltz & Bauer 5G 438.12 EUR

Nitrobenzene-d5

S-2710 Scientific Laboratory Supplies 1ML 84 EUR

3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-dATP

B8123-.01 ApexBio 10ul (100 mM) 181 EUR

3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-dATP

B8123-.05 ApexBio 50ul (100 mM) 838 EUR

3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-dATP

B8123-.1 ApexBio 100ul (100 mM) 1535 EUR

3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-dITP

B8124-.01 ApexBio 10ul (100 mM) 181 EUR

3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-dITP

B8124-.05 ApexBio 50ul (100 mM) 838 EUR

3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-dITP

B8124-.1 ApexBio 100ul (100 mM) 1535 EUR

4-Nitrobenzamide

20-abx183634 Abbexa
  • 410.40 EUR
  • 260.40 EUR
  • 100 g
  • 25 g

Nitrobenzene-HRP

80-1230 Fitzgerald 500 ul 970.8 EUR
Description: Nitrobenzene Conjugate for use in immunoassays

4-Nitrobenzoic acid

GK5397-25G Glentham Life Sciences 25 g 52.8 EUR

4-Nitrobenzoic acid

T20882-10mg TargetMol Chemicals 10mg Ask for price
Description: 4-Nitrobenzoic acid

4-Nitrobenzoic acid

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Description: 4-Nitrobenzoic acid

4-Nitrobenzoic acid

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Description: 4-Nitrobenzoic acid

4-Nitrobenzoic acid

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Description: 4-Nitrobenzoic acid

4-Nitrobenzoic acid

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Description: 4-Nitrobenzoic acid

VOC Nitrobenzene Neat

REVOC380N Scientific Laboratory Supplies 10MG 46.87 EUR

The extraordinary mutability and genetic diversity of HIV is an enormous challenge, but vaccines are being designed for broad coverage. Computer-aided design of mosaic immunogens, incorporating many epitopes from the entire genome or from conserved regions aim to induce CD8+ T cells to kill virus-infected cells or inhibit virus replication, while trimeric envelope proteins or synthetic mimics aim to induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies similar to those cloned from some infected patients.

Induction of more potent and durable responses may require new adjuvants or replicating chimeric vectors chimeras that bear HIV genes. Passive or genetic delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies may provide broad protection and/or lead to insights for vaccine designers. Proof-of-concept trials in non-human primates and in one human efficacy trial have provided scientific clues for a vaccine that could provide broad and durable protection against HIV. The use of vaccines to destroy HIV reservoirs as part of therapy or cure is now also being explored.

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